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Ozone
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Scientific
and Medical
References on Ozone
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OZONE LEVELS AND THEIR EFFECTS
Data from IOA
Edited by Den (Zdenek) Rasplicka - Ozone Services
ppm = Parts per million volume air concentration
0.001 ppm
Lowest value detectable by hypersensitive humans. Too low to
measure accurately with elaborate electronic equipment.
0.003 ppm
Threshold of odor perception in laboratory environment, 50 per
cent confidence level.
0.003 ppm to 0.010 ppm
The threshold of odor perception by the average person in clean
air. Readily detectable by most normal persons. These
concentrations can be measured with fair accuracy. Ozone levels
measured in typical residences and offices equipped with a
properly operating electronic air cleaner when outdoor ozone
level is low. Infiltrating outdoor ozone could cause higher
indoor concentrations.
0.020 ppm
Threshold of odor perception in laboratory environment, 90 per
cent confidence level.
0.001 to 0.125 ppm
Typical ozone concentrations found in the natural atmosphere.
These levels of concentration vary with altitude, atmospheric
conditions and locale.
0.020 to 0.040 ppm
Representative average total oxidant concentrations in some
major cities in 1964. Approximately 95 per cent or greater of
these oxidants are generally accepted to be ozone.
0.040 ppm
CSA limit for devices for household use. Measured as sustained
concentration in test room.
0.050 ppm
Maximum allowable ozone concentration recommended by ASHRAE in
an air conditioned and ventilated space.
0.050 ppm
Maximum allowable ozone concentration produced by electronic air
cleaners and similar residential devices according to the
proposed amendment of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
(Note: Keep this figure in mind when selecting an ozone type air
purifier)
0.100 ppm
The maximum allowable ozone concentration in industrial working
areas: permissible human exposure - 8 hours per day, 6 days a
week.
0.100 ppm
Continuous maximum ozone concentration allowable (per U.S. Navy_
in confined quarters such as atomic submarines).
0.100 ppm
Maximum allowable limit for industrial, public, or occupied
spaces in England, Japan, France, the Netherlands and Germany.
0.15 to 0.51 ppm
Typical peak concentrations in American cities.
0.200 ppm
Prolonged exposure of humans under occupational and experimental
conditions produced no apparent ill effects. The threshold level
at which nasal and throat irritation will result appears to be
about 0.300 ppm.
0.300 ppm
The ozone level at which some sensitive species of plant life
began to show signs of ozone effects.
0.500 ppm
The ozone level at which Los Angeles, California, declares its
Smog Alert No. 1. Can cause nausea in some individuals. Extended
exposure could cause lung edema (an abnormal accumulation of
serous fluid in connective tissue or serous cavity). Enhances
the susceptibility to respiratory infections.
1.00 to 2.00 ppm
Los Angeles, California, declares its Smog Alert No. 2 at 1.00
ppm ozone concentration and Smog Alert No. 3 at 1.500 ppm. When
this range of ozone concentration was inhaled by human
volunteers for 2 hours, it caused symptoms which could be
tolerated without incapacitation with the symptoms subsiding
after a few days. The symptoms were headache, pain in the chest,
and dryness of the respiratory tract.
1.40 to 5.60 ppm
The pinto bean exposed to 1.4 to 5.0 ppm ozone concentrations
for 70 minutes showed some signs of severe injury to mature
leaves.
5.00 to 25.00 ppm
Experimentation showed that a 3 hour exposure at 12 ppm was
lethal for Guinea pigs. Welders who were exposed to 9 ppm
concentration plus other air pollutants developed pulmonary
edema. Chest X-rays were normal in 2 to 3 weeks, but 9 months
later they still complained of fatigue and exertional dyspnea
(labored respiration).
25.00 ppm and up
Ozone concentrations that are immediately hazardous to human
life are unknown but on the basis of animal experimentation, and
exposure at 50 ppm concentration for 60 minutes would probably
be fatal. |
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